Optical distribution boxes are classified into ordinary distribution boxes and splicing distribution boxes, with further distinctions based on installation, environment, and network application.

Functional Classification

1. Ordinary Distribution Boxes These boxes primarily manage and connect optical cables, providing functions such as distribution, transfer, and protection of fibers. They typically include connection modules and distribution panels but do not support splicing. They are suitable for simpler network topologies where fiber splicing is not required .
2. Distribution Boxes with Splicing Function These boxes combine the functions of ordinary distribution boxes with fiber splicing capabilities, allowing multiple optical fibers to be connected and extended across the network. They often include additional components such as optical splitters, concentrators, and switches, enabling more complex network topologies and higher transmission rates .

Installation-Based Classification

• Wall-Mounted Boxes: Compact units installed on walls, ideal for indoor environments with limited space. They can be made of ABS plastic or metal and may be straight-through or branch type depending on the connection mode .
• Rack-Mounted Boxes: Standard 19-inch enclosures installed in cabinets, commonly used in data centers or telecom rooms for high-density fiber management. They support multiple ports (12, 24, 36, 48, 96) and use SC, LC, FC, or ST adapters .
• Pole-Mounted or Outdoor Boxes: Designed for outdoor installations, these boxes are corrosion-resistant, waterproof, and capable of withstanding environmental stress such as wind, lightning, and dust. They are often used in FTTH networks and can house splice trays and optical splitters .
• Dome-Shaped Boxes: Suitable for aerial or underground installations, providing protection against moisture and dust for diverse network deployments .

Application-Based Classification

• Indoor Boxes: Installed in computer rooms, equipment rooms, or control rooms. They are lightweight, easy to maintain, and may include security features like locks .
• Outdoor Boxes: Installed on poles or walls to connect and protect outdoor fiber cables. They require waterproof, moisture-proof, and corrosion-resistant properties for long-term stable operation .
• Customer Boxes: Smaller boxes used at the end-user premises to manage FTTH drop cables and indoor fiber connections. They typically handle 4 to 16 cores and may include optical splitters .

Component-Based Functional Features

• Cable Inlet and Glands: Secure incoming fibers and prevent loosening.
• Splice Trays: Protect fiber splices and facilitate welding or mechanical splicing.
• Fiber Splitters: Divide a single signal into multiple outputs for distribution.
• Connectors and Patch Panels: Ensure reliable terminations and simplify network reconfiguration . In summary, optical distribution boxes are classified primarily by function (ordinary vs. splicing), installation method (wall, rack, pole, dome), environment (indoor vs. outdoor), and network application (FTTH, LAN, CATV, telecom). Each type is designed to optimize fiber management, protection, and network scalability.